hydroquinone solubility in glycerin

Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. 57, 295300 (2013), R. F. Pires, M. R. Franco Jr, Fluid Phase Equilib. [17], An important reaction is the conversion of hydroquinone to the mono- and diamine derivatives. However, these hydroquinone-containing compositions were in the acidic pH range and did not contain cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, such as magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. The drug is freely soluble in water and in alcohol. While patients suffer from pigmentation disorders, they may also suffer from other skin disorders and signs of aging, including but not limited to rough skin texture, mottled pigmentation, sallow complexion, lines and wrinkles. Crit. The preferred form of protected retinol is manufactured by SunSmart (also known as Particle Sciences, Inc. of Bethlehem, PA) under the brand name of SunCaps A-1283. isosorbide, Ascorbic acid, i.e. Why we like it: This affordable cream contains 2 percent hydroquinone, sunscreen, and costs around five dollars. [24], Numerous studies have revealed that hydroquinone, if taken orally, can cause exogenous ochronosis, a disfiguring disease in which blue-black pigments are deposited onto the skin; however, skin preparations containing the ingredient are administered topically. The present invention combats this problem, with hydroquinone compositions in the neutral pH range, preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. It is understood that while the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, that the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Although about 0.01% sodium metabisulfite without magnesium ascorbyl phosphate may not color stabilize an about 4% hydroquinone composition, and about 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate without sodium metabisulfite may not either, the combination of sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate in these percentages is effective to stabilize the color of the about 1% to about 12%, about 2% to about 10%, preferably about 2% to about 8% and more preferably about 3% to about 4% and most preferably 4% hydroquinone composition. Thanks to the added vitamin E, it leaves your skin feeling smooth and soft, too. Table I shows that at 5C, 4% hydroquinone compositions maintain their white color with the addition of at least about 0.01% sodium metabisulfite at the low pH ranges (from about 3.50 to about 5.50) and at least 0.05% sodium metabisulfite for pH about 6.0 to about 7.0. Have an order or account question, find answers in our Online Support articles. Antioxidants in the hydroquinone phase are instrumental in stabilizing the color of the hydroquinone composition. Classical photo shops . 0000003430 00000 n 88, 161164 (2010), J. Delgado, Int. Other adverse effects A further embodiment of the invention includes a method for stabilizing a hydroquinone composition (with about 1% to about 12% hydroquinone, preferably about 2% to about 10%, more preferably about 2% to about 8%, and most preferably about 3% to about 4%) with a neutral pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5, by adding a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably sodium ascorbyl phosphate, more preferably aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. N')].uJr SAS Anti-ox booster 1% 0.3g. It is not to be considered as either a warranty or quality specification. 0000002198 00000 n Hydroquinone, like phenols are very weak acids and can be deprotonated. J. Chem. The protective system can be an entrapment system, a single or multi-laminar system, such as by formation of vesicle, such as a liposome, or by utilizing wax, paraffin, silicone, polyethylene or any material or system which protects the retinoid from oxidation. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Best Budget Hydroquinone Cream Ambi Skincare Fade Cream (56g/2oz) View on Amazon. While the hydroquinone is effective for the pigmentation disorder treatment, retinoid is used for its skin treatment benefits. New experimental data are provided for the solubility of resorcinol in water and salicylic acid, resorcinol, hydroquinone in 1-octanol. According to the polar paradox theory, this should lead to a dissolution of . Thermodyn. Compositions according to this invention may include additives or components to enhance the skin penetration of its ingredients. The experimental solubility data was well-correlated with the data, calculated by . EP, Kind code of ref document: Cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, including inorganic salts, preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and amino acyl derivatives, preferably aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, are preferred in this invention. The Molecular Weight is 110.11 g/mol. Eastman Hydroquinone, USP, meets or exceeds the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia and is produced under conditions of current good manufacturing practices (cGMP). Anal. However, the oil-soluble TBHQ is more hydrophobic with a distinctly increased log P value compared to HQ. 0000002379 00000 n 15, 188196 (1996), U. Domaska, Fluid Phase Equilib. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Hydroquinone is a white, odorless, crystalline solid with an extremely low vapor pressure. Ferulic acid 0.5% 0.15g. Then take the water and put the measurement into the microwave until boiled. Other antioxidants, for example cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, and sodium ascorbyl phosphate, have not been utilized in combination with hydroquinone in view of the acidic pH, generally from about 3.4 to about 3.5, and the recommended pH range for magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is about 7.0 to 8.5. Data 51, 127129 (2006), J. Lim, S. Jang, H. K. Cho, M. S. Shin, H. Kim, J. Chem. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. 20grams ofhydroquinonein 20oz is liquid is 10%. "F$H:R!zFQd?r9\A&GrQhE]a4zBgE#H *B=0HIpp0MxJ$D1D, VKYdE"EI2EBGt4MzNr!YK ?%_&#(0J:EAiQ(()WT6U@P+!~mDe!hh/']B/?a0nhF!X8kc&5S6lIa2cKMA!E#dV(kel }}Cq9 Dietland Muller-Schwarze, 2003, page 43 (, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Additive manufacturing of ceramics from preceramic polymers, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31976L0768:EN:HTML, "Clear N Smooth Skin Toning Cream recalled", Skin Bleaching Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Product Use; Proposed Rule, "About the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research - Hydroquinone Studies Under The National Toxicology Program (NTP)", Campaign For Safe Cosmetics - Hydroquinone, "Skin lightening preparations and the hydroquinone controversy", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydroquinone&oldid=1136453324, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2016, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The most widely used route is similar to the, A potentially significant synthesis of hydroquinone from, Hydroquinone was first obtained in 1820 by the French chemists, Pelletier and Caventou (1820) "Recherches chimiques sur les quinquinas" (Chemical investigations of quinquinas [i.e., the bark of various, This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 11:09. Color stability improvement is evident at all levels. The reservoir opens through a muscle-controlled valve onto a thick-walled reaction chamber. Eng. It is found in wheat, rye, and barley.It is a precursor to diverse industrial products including polymers and plasticizers, as well as being a component of a number of hair and skin conditioners. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Data 51, 16681671 (2006), C. L. Yaws, S.-C. Lin, Enthalpy of fusion at freezing pointOrganic compounds, in Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, William Andrew Publishing (Elsevier, 2009), pp. Antioxidants, preferably sulfites, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts, and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, have been used to stabilize certain compositions, which have included hydroquinone. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. x- [ 0}y)7ta>jT7@t`q2&6ZL?_yxg)zLU*uSkSeO4?c. R -25 S>Vd`rn~Y&+`;A4 A9 =-tl`;~p Gp| [`L` "AYA+Cb(R, *T2B- This is seen at about a pH of 3.50 with at least about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and again at a pH of about 6.5 to about 7.0 with at least about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. Toxicol. [21][25][23] NTP evaluation showed some evidence of long-term carcinogenic and genotoxic effects[26], While hydroquinone remains widely prescribed for treatment of hyperpigmentation, questions raised about its safety profile by regulatory agencies in the EU, Japan, and USA encourage the search for other agents with comparable efficacy. 109. :hS-g"s2Sj Ij=x'V]gPV8tt~qkAVXi|u}5;#.pl-/4JFQ.EP3&F.qa2hI{N qBmG(z#n [GN.}aazN(~8kux9#tnYwIHFuxW v9UNj&ffNW_\\Tc""8=_"7wC>svwQy\^4gF H][QzmlOI(B@ U4[Xb0,|m0*D"/#$\u(QI)RYg\;8 Yjh stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids, Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. Thus, while cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, have beneficial antioxidant effects on the skin, the combination with hydroquinone in the invention results in a compatible and stable composition. You take the cream, put it in a container, take the powder measurement and add it. Forms of retinoids have been developed wherein the retinoid is protected by a protective system. How do I dissolve hydroquinone powder to make a 20% and 10% concentration? 0000003660 00000 n The process of making a stable hydroquinone composition having a pH of about 5.5 to about 8.0 comprising: combining the following ingredients, in a carbon dioxide atmosphere: first, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and sodium metabisulfite, then, third, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, then, Application filed by Medicis Pharmaceutical Corp, [H]O[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])O*)[C@@]1([H])OC(=O)C(O*)=C1O*, OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C, 3-aminopropyl [(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-4-yl] hydrogen phosphate, NCCCOP(O)(=O)OC1=C(O)[C@@H]([C@@H](O)CO)OC1=O, OC(=O)C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C, OC(=O)/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C, trisodium;[(5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2-oxido-4-oxofuran-3-yl] phosphate, [Na+].[Na+]. Eng. 322, 4855 (2012), K. Tamura, T. Kasuga, T. Nakagawa, Fluid Phase Equilib. A method of stabilizing a hydroquinone composition, comprising hydroquinone and one or more protected retinoids, comprising: maintaining pH of the composition at about 5.5 to about 8.0. Production of Hydroquinone Industrial production of hydroquinone usually happens in two ways. The information given is designed only as a guide for safe handling and use. The toxicology of hydroquinone - relevance to occupational and environmental exposure. Conversion factors (at 25 oc and normal atmospheric pressure) 1 ppm = 4.5 mg!m 3 Monobenzone occurs as a white, almost tasteless crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in water. Eye Contact Rinse immediately with plenty of water, also under the eyelids, for at least 15 minutes. Hydroquinone IS a white crystalline substance when pure and is highly soluble in water. Hydroquinone Safety Data Sheet according to Federal Register / Vol. fungichromin, Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. Lastly, I'd like to add benzoic acid for preservation purposes. G(DC:!c?5w [QDP, f\01j&8ea]Ke~z d _5H^j0M.|Y^bYb[Rm~-[ImSv. ;4kNNw?r yn^EOwCDyd>_?TU^vyss*|g9A1 avr 2o~molpb|CZTu(70 CKRu)(5O_^6|Qta', uG70]'vt|n3Xh[vMTc.{o0Y#(O5\/mGfI+L0~1E1~hi:ZY_W6n*EaSn*R+I)Pw|y\^/te;yO. uv curable cellulose estersuv curable cellulose esters . . The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.9937 for one of these two equations for the binary studied systems where the solvent is either water or 1-octanol. If youd like my help or recipes for this bleaching cream please contact me on Instagram @kaylinell and @kay.linell or Facebook at kay linell. [19][20], In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked its previous approval of hydroquinone and proposed a ban on all over-the-counter preparations. NR 1L~tyj|ZZ3]jFlszH#bd]="nVj =rBF-=Y?Pe 3(\[3;wR-+7Fn ~pSQ(Rpiw^zYr''t@\vobE]u'C}io0q;^k5C@|zZNNA>,XOrztV;qO*w:MC$OI\_$Io 'v [ Chem. %PDF-1.4 % J. Airborne hydroquinone may be oxidized to quinone at ordinary . You can expect to hear from a technical specialist within 1 business hour. protecting the retinoids in a protective system; mixing the hydroquinone, and the protected retinoids; and. Stir until uniform. The present invention addresses the problem of excessive discoloration in hydroquinone compositions of a neutral pH. I've been presented with the problem of trying to dissolve Hydroquinone in a solvent other than water. 0000004197 00000 n The solubility of sodium phenytoin in binary mixtures of ethanol +water at 298.2, 303.2, 308.2 and 313.2 K was measured. HMkA+"c>jZ^ho=81NW;]Ib;+i#iFArHpz). `9F6~qg3]0,#!V9Q> p=|h| 0000053439 00000 n [Na+].OC(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C(O)=O, SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILET PREPARATIONS, Preparations for care of the skin for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin, PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL, OR TOILET PURPOSES, Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients, Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. The preferred protected retinoid is in the form of small beads or vesicles which are of a form that can be adjusted to be incorporated into varied topical compositions. [27] Several such agents are already available or under research,[28] including azelaic acid,[29] kojic acid, retinoids, cysteamine,[30] topical steroids, glycolic acid, and other substances. 2017-02-16T10:10:56+01:00 &"oq YcbX.=a*t R@ 77, No. endstream endobj 276 0 obj <>stream Gerhard Franz, Roger A. Sheldon "Oxidation" in. Keywords: D-170D; D-170; D170D; D170 Created Date Hydroquinone Revision Date 24-Dec-2021 General Advice If symptoms persist, call a physician. One skilled in the art is familiar with the known protective system technologies, such as encapsulation and entrapment methodologies. Google Scholar, W. J. Weber Jr, Y.-P. Chin, C. P. Rice, Water Res. Classical photo shops also sell hydroquinone. Water Solubility 73000 mg/L at 25C 2.6B pH pKa 4.0 - 4.7 pK1 = 9.9 2.12 Oxidation:Reduction Potential +286 mV at 25C and pH 7 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE/BIODEGRADATION Bioaccumulative potential Hydroquinone (123 -31 -9) Bioaccumulative potential Not established. Since the neutral pH of the hydroquinone composition with sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is preferably from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5, the pH is acceptable for also including retinoids in the composition. Approved only for prescription use in the U.S. market.Ideal for creams, lotions, and gels for personal care ingredients, pharmaceutical chemical, pharmaceutical excipients, and skin care ingredients. Get medical attention. Protected retinoid, with its skin benefit capabilities, may also be included with the hydroquinone composition. They may also include ingredients with other therapeutic actions, such as anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, exfoliants and peels. Anal. I would like to add retinol and kojic acid to it as well. Phase B: Dissolve the ferulic acid in the glycerin - some "spirited" stirring may be necessary. 49, 313321 (2015). Other properties of hydroquinone are given in Table 1. At 40C, 4% hydroquinone compositions have the same color stability with slightly more sodium metabisulfite, at least about 0.01% at about 3.5 to about 4.0 pH; at least about 0.05% sodium metabisulfite at about 4.5 to about 6.0 pH; and at pH; at least about 0.05% sodium metabisulfite at about 4.5 to about 6.0 pH; and at least about 0.10% sodium metabisulfite at about 6.5 to about 7.0 pH. This is a prescription-only ingredient in some countries, including the member states of the European Union under Directives 76/768/EEC:1976. 250, 165172 (2006), F. L. Mota, A. J. Queimada, A. E. Andreatta, S. P. Pinho, E. A. Macedo, Fluid Phase Equilib. Glycerol derivatives solubilise natural, hydrophilic antioxidants in biofuels. Google Scholar, A.-C. Huang, Y.-K. Chuang, C.-F. Huang, C.-M. Shu, J. Therm. D-170D Solubility of EASTMAN Hydroquinone and Derivatives Subject: Hydroquinone and hydroquinone derivatives listed in this publication are used as intermediates for manufacturing a variety of products and as polymerization inhibitors for vinyl monomers and unsaturated polyester resins. This study was funded by Ministre de l'Enseignement Suprieur et de la Recherche Scientifique. The solubility in water is 6.72g/L. The solubility was increased by addition of ethanol, reached a maximum . Without being limited to the mechanism of this discoloration, it is believed that the discoloration may be caused at least in part by oxidation of the hydroquinone. [22] The FDA stated that hydroquinone cannot be ruled out as a potential carcinogen. Hydroquinone is 1,4-benzenediol. Calorim. English, J.C. and Deisinger, P.J. Thank you for your inquiry and interest in ChemPoint. Diamines, useful in the rubber industry as antiozone agents, are similarly produced from aniline: Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water. 0000000807 00000 n It is moderately soluble in water and highly soluble in alcohol. The present invention is not to be limited by any mechanism described in the specification, because it is defined by the claims. antiphlogistics and cardiaca, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients, Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds, Cosmetics or similar toilet preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen, . As utilized herein, the inhibition of the retinoid oxidation should be sufficient to prohibit browning of the composition for its shelf life, preferably greater than about six months, more preferably greater than about twelve months, and most preferably greater than about eighteen months. Examples of suitable methods of encapsulation include encapsulation by liposomes, wax, paraffin or any material or combination of materials which protect the retinoid from exposure to oxygen and inhibit oxidation of the retinoid from oxidation. Formula of hydroquinone is . Table II shows that at 5C, 4% hydroquinone compositions maintain their white or light straw color with the addition of at least about 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate at the low pH ranges (from about 3.50 to about 5.50) and when about 1.0 to about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is used in the pH range of about 7.0. By acting as a free radical scavenger, hydroquinone serves to prolong the shelflife of light-sensitive resins such as preceramic polymers.[18]. Tests, which results are detailed in the following two tables, are performed at 5C and 40C for certain percentages of magnesium ascorbyl phosphate at specific pHs. We will respond to you shortly. 0000004433 00000 n The disodium diphenolate salt of hydroquinone is used as an alternating comonomer unit in the production of the polymer PEEK. Human exposure to hydroquinone can occur by dietary, occupational, and environmental sources. 114, 175188 (1996), I. Hahnenkamp, G. Graubner, J. Gmehling, Int. HlRMo0WB:NnVCnE4(i0 (1* )@NzHR!>i;8XaXnsO0LNT0l$B%"NAb0I9V *6/-\vn0W"fKF:AAgl:psRZ?k`&eB IUQ0ET;W#vL=@XwRG{-LHlTz]^s%OB(GF 11'I The experimental solubilities were correlated using two regression equations. At 40C, 4% hydroquinone compositions are more likely to excessively discolor and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate helps to stabilize the color, by preventing the brownish black discoloration and maintaining an amber color. Eng. Hydroquinone | C6H4(OH)2 or C6H6O2 | CID 785 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities . Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, Hydroquinone oxidation with V2O5/NaClO3/H2SO4, http://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php?title=Hydroquinone&oldid=11523, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, GNU Free Documentation License 1.3 or later. Hydroquinone occurs in the environment as a result of anthropogenic processes, as well as in natural products from plants and animals. 338, 217223 (2013), S. H. Ali, F. S. Al-Mutairi, M. A. Fahim, Fluid Phase Equilib. Chemically, hydroquinone is designated as p-dihydroxybenzene; the empirical formula is C 6 H 6 O 2; molecular weight is 110.0. The method of item 1 07 wherein the hydroquinone is present in about 4%. 2008-2023 ChemPoint. Our team has been notified and we will fix it as soon as possible. The composition is preferably formulated in separate phases as designated below. These can be burning, redness, sensitization and irritation in some patients. The obtained results show that the . . In the United States, the most commonly used treatment for hyperpigmentation is 1,4-benzenediol, which is known as hydroquinone. ~lgM~Gc{1S_1Q/_/v">S 9 I'd like the consistency to be thin like a gel so that it absorbs quicker. Glycerol and citric acid, non-toxic and renewable reagents, were crosslinked by a melt polymerization reaction at temperatures from 90-150C. Privacy Policy. Belhachemi, B., Makhlouf, H. & Belhachemi, M.H. Toughness of the polymer increases due to the presence of flexible units in the backbone such as long chain diols (e.g., diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol) or long chain saturated acids (e.g., adipic . Please sign in to view account pricing and product availability. 0000008435 00000 n So, does anybody know of another solvent I could use that has a higher . Cite this article. Phillip M. Hudnall "Hydroquinone" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. It is a reducmg agent that is reversibly oxidized to semiquinone and quinone. All Rights Reserved, View All Eastman Hydroquinone USP Articles. Solubility of Hydroquinone. 2017-02-16T09:38:58+01:00 Hydroquinone can lose a hydrogen cation from both hydroxyl groups to form a diphenolate ion. The natural pH for conventional hydroquinone compositions is acidic, generally less than about 4 even though this is harsh to the skin and to other components of the product. GHS P Statement: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.IF ON SKIN: Gently wash with plenty of soap and water.IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Solubility: Moderately soluble in water, glycerin, propylene glycol, and highly soluble in ethanol Features & Benefits Can work in conjunction with glycolic acid to help reduce pigment in melasma Non-GMO Extremely low vapor pressure USP Grade European Pharma Grade Drug master file available upon request Applications Pigmentation disorders can take a variety of forms like hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, such as melasma (dark patches experienced in pregnancy), liver spots (which often develop with age), as a side effect of birth control pills, and as a persistent result of acne, bums, bites and other skin injuries, and vitiligo. You can expect to hear back from a ChemPoint product specialist within 1 business hour. Eastman Hydroquinone, USP Grade is for skin-lightening products to address hyperpigmentation. S.C. Gad, T. Pham, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014 Environmental Fate and Behavior. Appearance: Free-flowing white crystalsOdor: OdorlessMolecular weight: 110.11Empirical formula: C6H6O2Assay (Anhydrous basis): 99.0-100.5 %Melting point: 172-174CWater: 0.5 wt % max.Residue on ignition: 0.5 % maxSolubility: Moderately soluble in water, glycerin, propylene glycol, and highly soluble in ethanol, Can work in conjunction with glycolic acid to help reduce pigment in melasma Non-GMOExtremely low vapor pressureUSP GradeEuropean Pharma GradeDrug master file available upon request. Hydroquinone is considered to be readily biodegrable and photodegradable. I made my own hydroquinone 4% and added it to my cream. Other solubilities: soluble in alcohol and ether,slightly soluble in benzene,readily soluble in ethanol,acetone and methanol, Needle-like Crystals or Crystalline Powder. An improvement in the color stability of the 4% hydroquinone compositions is seen at and above 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate in the 6-7 pH range. [31], Hydroquinones are one of the two primary reagents in the defensive glands of bombardier beetles, along with hydrogen peroxide (and perhaps other compounds, depending on the species), which collect in a reservoir. HVoLg~Z+ Skin Contact Wash off immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. It is soluble in water. Forms of retinoids have been developed wherein the retinoid is protected by a protective system. . [21] The FDA officially banned hydroquinone in 2020 as part of a larger reform of the over-the-counter drug review process. D7VJV//KZ&t}JSW/L@,l@^ D@ @8 i W `^;V rD}25p>.Bv1}\_E p9 endstream endobj 392 0 obj 1303 endobj 376 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 350 0 R /Resources 377 0 R /Contents 381 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 377 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 379 0 R /TT4 383 0 R /TT6 385 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 387 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 378 0 R >> >> endobj 378 0 obj [ /ICCBased 386 0 R ] endobj 379 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 252 /Widths [ 250 0 408 500 0 833 778 180 333 333 500 564 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 564 564 564 444 921 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 611 333 0 333 0 500 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 541 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 0 0 0 0 576 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 0 0 0 0 722 0 0 500 444 0 0 0 444 0 0 0 444 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /BCGIOE+TimesNewRoman /FontDescriptor 380 0 R >> endobj 380 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2028 1007 ] /FontName /BCGIOE+TimesNewRoman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 388 0 R >> endobj 381 0 obj << /Length 462 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream Hydroquinone can be made through several routes. Monobenzone is the monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone used medically for depigmentation. Hydroquinone[1] Idrochinone Quinol 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene p-dihydroxybenzene p-hydroxyphenol 1,4-Hydroxy benzene Identifiers CAS Number 123-31-9 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image Beilstein Reference 605970 ChEBI CHEBI:17594 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL537 Y ChemSpider 764 Y DrugBank DB09526 ECHA InfoCard 100.004.199 EC Number 204-617-8 Gmelin Reference 2742 You take the cream, put it in a container, take the powder measurement and add it. Recent pieces of . This saturated dicarboxylic acid exists as a white powder.

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